Біологічний потенціал культивованої мікробіоти мохоподібних з різних біотопів морської Антарктики
- Andreaea,
- Bacillus,
- Polytrichum,
- Pseudomonas,
- Sanionia
- Sporosarcina ...Більше
Авторське право (c) 2026 Український антарктичний журнал

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Анотація
Антактичні субстрати населені мікроорганізмами, стійкими до впливу факторів довкілля. Оскільки значні площі ґрунтів у всьому світі є засоленими та забрудненими металами, що обмежує ріст рослин, важливо виділити стійкі до впливу чинників середовища фітостимулювальні бактерії. Метою дослідження було виділення копіотрофних, оліготрофних, олігонітрофільних бактерій, а також фосфат- та цинксолюбілізувальних бактерій і визначення їхніх властивостей, зокрема ферментативних, здатності до синтезу ауксинів та сидерофорів, а також росту за впливу важких металів і NaCl. Матеріалом для дослідження були зразки мохоподібних з субформації мохів, які формують неглибокий торф та куртини: Andreaea depressinervis або Andreaea regularis; угруповання килимових мохів з домінуванням Ceratodon purpureus або Sanionia georgicouncinata та фрагментів угруповання торф’янистих мохів (мохові банки) з домінуванням Polytrichum strictum або Chorisodontium aciphyllum, зібраних з різних біотопів морської Антарктики. Культивована мікробіота субформацій мохів, а також мохових банків відрізнялася за кількістю виявлених груп мікроорганізмів і їхньою чисельністю. У структурі бактеріальних угруповань більшості зразків домінували копіотрофи та оліготрофи, проте у зразку An. depressinervis переважали олігонітрофіли. Бактерії, виділені зі зразків субформації мохів, які формують неглибокий торф та куртини з домінуванням San. georgicouncinata, характеризувалися амілазною, протеазною, целюлазною, ліпазною активностями, здатністю солюбілізувати ZnO і Ca3(PO4)2. Усі досліджені ізоляти
синтезували ауксиноподібні сполуки (до 11,8 мкг ⋅ мл–1), більшість – сидерофори. Виявлено адаптивні властивості ізолятів: здатність до росту в широкому температурному діапазоні (від +4 до +42 °C), високу галотолерантність (до 10,0% NaCl) та резистентність до важких металів (Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Co2+ і Cr2O72–). За результатами сиквенування гена 16S рРНК ідентифіковано Bacillus sp. Sg840, Pseudomonas sp. S135 та Sporosarcina sp. S371. Виявлені властивості та стійкість до факторів навколишнього середовища характеризують фітостимулювальний потенціал бактерій, виділених із субформацій антарктичних мохоподібних.
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