Ukrainian Antarctic Journal

Vol 22 No 2(29) (2024): Ukrainian Antarctic Journal
Articles

Chromosomal polymorphism of Belgica antarctica populations: possible links on ecology and geography

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  • Pavlo Kovalenko
Pavlo Kovalenko
State Institution Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine; State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2024.737
Published December 31, 2024
Keywords
  • chromosomal aberration frequency,
  • chromosome variability,
  • endemic species,
  • polar insect,
  • salivary gland
How to Cite
Kovalenko, P. (2024). Chromosomal polymorphism of Belgica antarctica populations: possible links on ecology and geography. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, 22(2(29), 198-218. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2024.737

Copyright (c) 2024 Ukrainian Antarctic Journal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Abstract

Chromosomal inversion polymorphism is an important evolutionary mechanism for many species, particularly insects. Belgica antarctica (Chironomidae) is the only endemic insect of the Antarctic Peninsula and is currently considered a model organism for studying adaptations of living organisms to climate change in the extreme terrestrial ecosystems of Antarctica. This polar midge has salivary gland polytene chromosomes, making it convenient for investigating various chromosomal aberrations and analysing their potential relationship with geographical and ecological factors. In this study, chromosomal polymorphism was analysed in the salivary glands of 99 fourth-instar larvae of Belgica antarctica, collected in four different localities in the West Antarctic Peninsula region in 2022. Six of the seven previously described heritable heterozygous inversions for this species were found in the newly tested populations. Notably, the precise location of a large inversion in chromosome I, containing the nucleolar organizer region, was identified for the first time since its discovery in 1962. Additionally, the data on chromosomal inversion frequencies
were combined with all currently available data – together from 1436 Belgica antarctica individuals across 26 populations, from 1962 to 2022, to determine potential links to specific ecological (ecological complexity, ornithogenic influence, and whether samples were collected from nesting or non-nesting material) and geographical (longitude and latitude) factors. It was found that, overall, the ecological factors do not affect the frequency of the studied inversions. However, slight trends were observed in the frequency of four heterozygous rearrangements with latitude, as well as the frequency of specimens with at least one non-sex-linked heterozygous inversion with longitude.

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