Ukrainian Antarctic Journal

Vol 23 No 1(30) (2025): Ukrainian Antarctic Journal
Articles

New Collembola occurrence records from the western Antarctic Peninsula

Yurii Protsenko
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; Pyriatyn National Nature Park, Pyriatyn, 37000, Ukraine
Oleksandra Protsenko
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Pavlo Kovalenko
State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; State Institution “Institute for Evolutionary Ecology”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
Ivan Parnikoza
State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
Anton Puhovkin
State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic; Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61016, Ukraine
Leonid Svetlichny
I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
Peter Convey
British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, 8320165, Chile; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Iryna Kozeretska
State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
Published July 29, 2025
Keywords
  • Cryptopygus antarcticus,
  • Folsomotoma octooculata,
  • Friesea antarctica,
  • maritime Antarctic,
  • springtail
How to Cite
Protsenko, Y., Protsenko, O., Kovalenko, P., Parnikoza, I., Puhovkin, A., Svetlichny, L., Convey, P., & Kozeretska, I. (2025). New Collembola occurrence records from the western Antarctic Peninsula. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, 23(1(30), 64-89. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2025.744

Abstract

In the light of the considerable global climatic changes observed over recent decades, and particularly their magnification in the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region (maritime Antarctic), it is important to document in detail the biodiversity of this region to provide a baseline for assessing potential future shifts in species distribution ranges. The aim of this study was to document the species diversity of springtails (Collembola) collected during the Antarctic summer season (December 2023 to March 2024) from various locations in the coastal regions of the WAP. A total of 141 invertebrate samples were collected and analysed from different types of vegetated substrates, predominantly mosses, and from the nesting materials of the seabirds Stercorarius maccormicki and Larus dominicanus. Samples were obtained from 35 locations within four sub-regions of the WAP, including the South Shetland Islands, Graham Coast, Biscoe Islands and Adelaide Island and its neighbouring islands. For 20 of these surveyed locations, Collembola diversity was recorded for the first time and, for a further three locations, new records were obtained supplementing those in the existing literature. A total of 9 143 Collembola specimens were identified, representing three species: Cryptopygus antarcticus, Folsomotoma octooculata and Friesea antarctica, all of which are native to the studied region. Two of these species were identified in bird nest material, with Fo. octooculata being absent. Although all three species were present in many of the samples obtained, C. antarcticus was generally the most abundant, both in samples from vegetated substrates and in the nesting material of both bird species, accounting for nearly 90% of all collected specimens. This likely indicates a high degree of ecological plasticity in C. antarcticus, which may facilitate its persistence in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctica amid ongoing climate change.

References

  1. Babenko, A. (2000). Collembolan assemblages of polar deserts and subarctic nival communities. Pedobiologia, 44(3–4), 421–429. https://doi.org/10.1078/S0031-4056(04)70060-8
  2. Baird, H. P., Janion-Scheepers, C., Stevens, M. I., Leihy, R. I., & Chown, S. L. (2019a). The ecological biogeography of indigenous and introduced Antarctic springtails. Journal of Biogeography, 46(9), 1959–1973. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13639
  3. Baird, H., Janion-Scheepers, C., Stevens, M., Leihy, R. I., & Chown, S. L. (2019b). Antarctic Collembola Database 2019.xlsx (Version 2). Monash University. https://doi.org/10.26180/5cd37a14de28b
  4. Bardgett, R. D., & van der Putten, W. H. (2014). Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature, 515(7528), 505–511. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13855
  5. Bartlett, J. C., Convey, P., Pertierra, L. R., & Hayward, S. A. L. (2020). An insect invasion of Antarctica: The past, present and future distribution of Eretmoptera murphyi (Diptera, Chironomidae) on Signy Island. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 13(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12389
  6. Bednarek-Ochyra, H., Váňa, J., Ochyra, R., & Lewis Smith, R. I. (2000). The Liverwort Flora of Antarctica. Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Krakow.
  7. Beet, C. R., Hogg, I. D., Cary, S. C., McDonald, I. R., & Sinclair, B. J. (2022). The resilience of polar Collembola (springtails) in a changing climate. Current Research in Insect Science, 2, 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2022.100046
  8. Bellinger, P. F., Christiansen, K. A., & Janssens, F. (1996–2024). Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Retrieved February 15, 2025 from http://www.collembola.org
  9. Bezkrovna, O. V. (2005). Cryptopygus antarcticus (Collembola) on some sub-Antarctic islands. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, (3), 179. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.3.2005.586
  10. Block, W., & Worland, M. R. (2001). Experimental studies of ice nucleation in an Antarctic springtail (Collembola, Isotomidae). Cryobiology, 42(3), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2001.2319
  11. Bokhorst, S., Huiskes, A., Convey, P., van Bodegom, P. M., & Aerts, R. (2008a). Climate change effects on soil arthropod communities from the Falkland Islands and the Maritime Antarctic. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(7), 1547–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.01.017
  12. Bokhorst, S., Huiskes, A. H. L., Convey, P., van Bodegom, P. M., & Aerts, R. (2008b). Climate and soil characteristics and soil arthropod abundance on Anchorage, Signy and Falkland Islands [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.807698
  13. Booth, R. G., & Usher, M. B. (1985). Relationship between Collembola and their environment in a maritime Antarctic moss-turf habitat. In A. H. Fitter, D. Atkinson, D. J. Read, & M. B. Usher (Eds.), Ecological interactions in soil: plants, microbes and animals (British Ecological Society special publication, 4) (pp. 279–284). Retrieved April 23, 2025 from https://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/523248
  14. Carapelli, A., Cucini, C., Fanciulli, P. P., Frati, F., Convey, P., & Nardi, F. (2020a). Molecular comparison among three Antarctic endemic springtail species and description of the mitochondrial genome of Friesea gretae (Hexapoda, Collembola). Diversity, 12(12), 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12120450
  15. Carapelli, A., Greenslade, P., Nardi, F., Leo, C., Convey, P., Frati, F., & Fanciulli, P. P. (2020b). Evidence for cryptic diversity in the “Pan-Antarctic” springtail Friesea antarctica and the description of two new species. Insects, 11(3), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11030141
  16. Castaño-Meneses, G., Palacios-Vargas, J. G., & Cutz-Pool, L. Q. (2004). Feeding habits of Collembola and their ecological niche. Anales del Instituto de Biología. Serie Zoología, 75(1), 135–142.
  17. Chown, S. L., Bergstrom, D. M., Houghton, M., Kiefer, K., Terauds, A., & Leihy, R. I. (2022). Invasive species impacts on sub-Antarctic Collembola support the Antarctic climate-diversity-invasion hypothesis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 166, 108579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108579
  18. Chown, S. L., Clarke, A., Fraser, C. I., Cary, S. C., Moon, K. L., & McGeoch, M. A. (2015). The changing form of Antarctic biodiversity. Nature, 522(7557), 431–438. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14505
  19. Chwedorzewska, K. J., Korczak-Abshire, M., & Znój, A. (2020). Is Antarctica under threat of alien species invasion? Global Change Biology, 26(4), 1942–1943. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15013
  20. Clem, K. R., Fogt, R. L., Turner, J., Lintner, B. R., Marshall, G. J., Miller, J. R., & Renwick, J. A. (2020). Record warming at the South Pole during the past three decades. Nature Climate Change, 10(8), 762–770. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0815-z
  21. Convey, P., & Peck, L. S. (2019). Antarctic environmental change and biological responses. Science Advances, 5(11), eaaz0888. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz0888
  22. Convey, P., & Smith, R. I. L. (1997). The terrestrial arthropod fauna and its habitats in northern Marguerite Bay and Alexander Island, maritime Antarctic. Antarctic Science, 9(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102097000035
  23. Convey, P., Biersma, E. M., Casanova-Katny, A., & Maturana, C. S. (2020). Refuges of Antarctic Diversity. In M. Oliva, & J. Ruiz-Fernández (Eds.), Past Antarctica: Paleoclimatology and Climate Change (pp. 181–200). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817925-3.00010-0
  24. Convey, P., Block, W., & Peat, H. J. (2003). Soil arthropods as indicators of water stress in Antarctic terrestrial habitats? Global Change Biology, 9(12), 1718–1730. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00691.x
  25. Convey, P., Greenslade, P., Arnold, R. J., & Block, W. (1999). Collembola of sub-Antarctic South Georgia. Polar Biology, 22(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000050383
  26. Convey, P., Greenslade, P., & Pugh, P. J. A. (2000). The terrestrial micro-arthropod fauna of the South Sandwich Islands. Journal of Natural History, 34(4), 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229300299462
  27. Coulson, S. J., Moe, B., Monson, F., & Gabrielsen, G. W. (2009). The invertebrate fauna of High Arctic seabird nests: The microarthropod community inhabiting nests on Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Polar Biology, 32(7), 1041–1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0603-8
  28. Dykyy, I., Tsaryk, Y., Shydlovskyy, I., Trokhymets, V., & Holovachov, O. (2012). Cenotic connection land biota Islands Western Antarctic. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, (10–11), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.10-11.2012.304 (In Ukrainian)
  29. Edgington, H., Pavinato, V. A. C., Spacht, D., Gantz, J. D., Convey, P., Lee Jr., R. E., Denlinger, D. L., & Michel, A. (2023). Genetic history, structure and gene flow among populations of Belgica antarctica, the only freeliving insect in the western Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Science, 36, 100945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polar.2023.100945
  30. Enríquez, N., Pertierra, L. R., Tejedo, P., Benayas, J., Greenslade, P., & Luciáñez, M. J. (2019). The importance of long-term surveys on species introductions in Maritime Antarctica: First detection of Ceratophysella succinea (Collembola: Hypogastruridae). Polar Biology, 42(5), 1047–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02490-8
  31. Enríquez, N., Tejedo, P., Benayas, J., Albertos, B., & Luciáñez, M. J. (2018). Collembola of Barrientos Island, Antarctica: First census and assessment of environmental factors determining springtail distribution. Polar Biology, 41(4), 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2230-0
  32. Fanciulli, P. P., Leo, C., Convey, P., Frati, F., & Carapelli, A. (2018). Redescription and neotype designation of the Antarctic springtail Folsomotoma octooculata (Collembola: Isotomidae). Zootaxa, 4392(2), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.11
  33. GBIF. (2025). Collembola. Retrieved April 3, 2025, from https://www.gbif.org/species/10713444
  34. Greenslade, P. (1995). Collembola from the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula including descriptions of two new species and notes on biogeography. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 64, 305–319.
  35. Greenslade, P. (2010). Collembola fauna of the South Shetland Islands revisited. Antarctic Science, 22(3), 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200999071X
  36. Greenslade, P. (2018). An Antarctic biogeographical anomaly resolved: The true identity of a widespread species of Collembola. Polar Biology, 41(5), 969–981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2261-1
  37. Greenslade, P., Potapov, M., Russell, D., & Convey, P. (2012). Global Collembola on Deception Island. Journal of Insect Science, 12(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.012.11101
  38. Gressitt, J. L. (1967). Notes on arthropod populations in the Antarctic Peninsula – South Shetland Islands – South Orkney Islands area. In J. L. Gressitt (Ed.), Entomology of Antarctica (Vol. 10, pp. 373–391). https://doi.org/10.1029/AR010p0373
  39. Gwiazdowicz, D. J., Niedbała, W., Skarżyński, D., & Zawieja, B. (2022). Occurrence of mites (Acari) and springtails (Collembola) in bird nests on King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Polar Biology, 45(6), 1035–1044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03052-1
  40. Hayward, S. A. L., Worland, R. M., Convey, P., & Bale, J. S. (2004). Habitat moisture availability and the local distribution of the Antarctic Collembola Cryptopygus antarcticus and Friesea grisea. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36(6), 927–934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.007
  41. Hernandez-Martelo, J., Contador, T., Kim, S., Salina, C., Maturana, C. S., Suazo, M., Convey, P., & Benítez, H. A. (2024). Uncharted territory: The arrival of Psychoda albipennis (Zetterstedt, 1850) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Maritime Antarctica. Frontiers in Insect Science, 4, 1481444. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2024.1481444
  42. Hopkin, S. P. (1997). Biology of the Springtails (Insecta: Collembola). Oxford University Press.
  43. Hughes, K. A., Convey, P., & Lee, J. R. (2025). Status assessment of non-native terrestrial species in Antarctica. NeoBiota, 98, 197–222. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.98.139894
  44. Hughes, K. A., Greenslade, P., & Convey, P. (2017). The fate of the non-native Collembolon, Hypogastrura viatica, at the southern extent of its introduced range in Antarctica. Polar Biology, 40(10), 2127–2131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2121-4
  45. Hughes, K. A., Pertierra, L. R., Molina-Montenegro, M. A., & Convey, P. (2015). Biological invasions in terrestrial Antarctica: What is the current status and can we respond? Biodiversity and Conservation, 24(5), 1031–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-0896-6
  46. Hughes, K. A., Pescott, O. L., Peyton, J., Adriaens, T., Cottier-Cook, E. J., Key, G., Rabitsch, W., Tricarico, E., Barnes, D. K. A., Baxter, N., Belchier, M., Blake, D., Convey, P., Dawson, W., Frohlich, D., Gardiner, L. M., González-Moreno, P., James, R., Malumphy, C., … & Roy, H. E. (2020). Invasive non-native species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Global Change Biology, 26(4), 2702–2716. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14938
  47. Hushtan, H., Hushtan, K., Kovalenko, P., Puhovkin, A., Convey, P., & Kozeretska, I. (2025). New oribatid mite (Acari, Oribatida) records in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Frontiers of Biogeography, 18, e146943. https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.18.146943
  48. Ivanets, V., Yevchun, H., Miryuta, N., Veselsky, M., Salganskiy, O., Konishchuk, V., Kozeretska, I., Dykyi, E., & Parnikoza, I. (2022). Skua and plant dispersal: Lessons from the Argentine Islands – Kyiv Peninsula region in the maritime Antarctic. Nordic Journal of Botany, 2022(6), e03326. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.03326
  49. Lee, J. R., Waterman, M. J., Shaw, J. D., Bergstrom, D. M., Lynch, H. J., Wall, D. H., & Robinson, S. A. (2022). Islands in the ice: Potential impacts of habitat transformation on Antarctic biodiversity. Global Change Biology, 28(20), 5865–5880. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16331
  50. Leihy, R. I., Peake, L., Clarke, D. A., Chown, S. L., & McGeoch, M. A. (2023). Introduced and invasive alien species of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean Islands. Scientific Data, 10(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02113-2
  51. Matsuoka, K., Skoglund, A., Roth, G., de Pomereu, J., Griffiths, H., Headland, R., Herried, B., Katsumata, K., Le Brocq, A., Licht, K., Morgan, F., Neff, P. D., Ritz, C., Scheinert, M., Tamura, T., Van de Putte, A., van den Broeke, M., von Deschwanden, A., Deschamps-Berger, C., … & Melvær, Y. (2021). Quantarctica, an integrated mapping environment for Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, and sub-Antarctic islands. Environmental Modelling and Software, 140, 105015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105015
  52. McCarthy, A. H., Peck, L. S., & Aldridge, D. C. (2022). Ship traffic connects Antarctica’s fragile coasts to worldwide ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(3), e2110303118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110303118
  53. Nordberg, S. (1936). Biologisch-Ökologische Untersuchungen über die Vogelnidicolen. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 21, 1–168. (In German)
  54. Ochyra, R., Lewis Smith, R. I., & Bednarek-Ochyra, H. (2008). The Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica. Cambridge University Press.
  55. Øvstedal, D. O., & Smith, R. I. L. (2001). Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia: A guide to their identification and ecology. Cambridge University Press.
  56. Parnikoza, I., Rozhok, A., Convey, P., Veselski, M., Esefeld, J., Ochyra, R., Mustafa, O., Braun, C., Peter, H.-U., Smykla, J., Kunakh, V., & Kozeretska, I. (2018). Spread of Antarctic vegetation by the kelp gull: Comparison of two maritime Antarctic regions. Polar Biology, 41(6), 1143–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2274-9
  57. Peckham, V. (1971). Notes on the chironomid midge Belgica antarctica Jacobs at Anvers Island in the Maritime Antarctic. Pacific Insects Monograph, 25, 145–166. http://hbs.bpbmwebdata.org/pim/pdf/pim25-145.pdf
  58. Polishuk, V. P., Kostikov, I. Y., Taran, N. Y., Voitsitsky, V. M., Budzanivska, I. G., Khyzhnyak, S. V., & Trokhymets, V. M. (2009). The complex studying of Antarctic biota. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, (8), 284–292. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.8.2009.455 (In Ukrainian)
  59. Potocka, M., & Krzemińska, E. (2018). Trichocera maculipennis (Diptera) – an invasive species in Maritime Antarctica. PeerJ, 6, e5408. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5408
  60. Sanabria, M. C. V., Velazco, V. N., Tolosa, G., Falco, L. B., & Coviella, C. E. (2023). A georeferenced database of the edaphic biota currently available for Argentina. Version 1.12. Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES). Occurrence dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/4pcmjs
  61. Siegert, M., Atkinson, A., Banwell, A., Brandon, M., Convey, P., Davies, B., Downie, R., Edwards, T., Hubbard, B., Marshall, G., Rogelj, J., Rumble, J., Stroeve, J., & Vaughan, D. (2019). The Antarctic Peninsula under a 1.5 °C global warming scenario. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7, 102. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00102
  62. Sinclair, B. J., Scott, M. B., Klok, C. J., Terblanche, J. S., Marshall, D. J., Reyers, B., & Chown, S. L. (2006). Determinants of terrestrial arthropod community composition at Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 18(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102006000356
  63. Strong, J. (1967). Ecology of terrestrial arthropods at Palmer Station, Antarctic Peninsula. In J. L. Gressitt (Ed.), Entomology of Antarctica (Vol. 10, pp. 357–371). https://doi.org/10.1029/AR010p0357
  64. Tejedo, P., Benayas, J., Cajiao, D., Leung, Y.-F., De Filippo, D., & Liggett, D. (2022). What are the real environmental impacts of Antarctic tourism? Unveiling their importance through a comprehensive meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 308, 114634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114634
  65. Terauds, A., & Lee, J. R. (2016). Antarctic biogeography revisited: Updating the Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. Diversity and Distributions, 22(8), 836–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12453
  66. Terauds, A., Lee, J. R., Wauchope, H. S., Raymond, B., Bergstrom, D. M., Convey, P., Mason, C., Patterson, C. R., Robinson, S. A., Van de Putte, A., Watts, D., & Chown, S. L. (2025). The Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database. Version 5. Australian Antarctic Data Centre. Retrieved April 15, 2025 from http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4225/15/59100ba9157f7
  67. Tin, T., Fleming, Z. L., Hughes, K. A., Ainley, D. G., Convey, P., Moreno, C. A., Pfeiffer, S., Scott, J., & Snape, I. (2009). Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment. Antarctic Science, 21(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102009001722
  68. Trokhymets, V., & Tancredi, C. (2009). Collembolan (Collembolla) of moss biocenoses from some points of Antarctic Island Galindez, Petermann and Great Yalour. In Book of Abstracts “III International Polar Year 2007–2008: Results and outlooks and IV International Antarctic Conference” (pp. 163–164). Kyiv, Ukraine. May 12–14, 2009.
  69. Trokhymets, V. N., Iakovenko, N. S., Kovalenko, O. S., & Dykyy, I. V. (2014). Invertebrate fauna of bryophyte communities of the Petermann Island and the adjacent region of the Antarctic Penninsula. Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, 13, 214–224. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.13.2014.229
  70. Trokhymets, V., Tancredi, C., & Bargagli, R. (2012). Acari and Collembola from northern islands of the Argentine archipelago (Antarctic Peninsula). XXXII SCAR Open Science Conference “Antarctic Science and Policy Advice in a Changing World”, 16–19 July 2012. Portland, Oregon, USA. https://scar.org/~documents/route%3A/download/3339
  71. Trokhymets, V. N., Tancredi, C., & Ostapenkova, J. O. (2011). Collembolan (Collembola) and mites (Acarina) of Irizar Island (Argentine Archipelago, Antarctica). In Biodiversity and Role of Animals in Ecosystems: Extended Abstracts of the VІ International Conference. Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk (pp. 222–223). https://www.zoology.dp.ua/z11_107.html (In Ukrainian)
  72. Turner, J., Barrand, N. E., Bracegirdle, T. J., Convey, P., Hodgson, D. A., Jarvis, M., Jenkins, A., Marshall, G., Meredith, M. P., Roscoe, H., Shanklin, J., French, J., Goosse, H., Guglielmin, M., Gutt, J., Jacobs, S., Kennicutt II, M. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Mayewski, P., … & Klepikov, A. (2014). Antarctic climate change and the environment: an update. Polar Record, 50(3), 237–259. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0032247413000296
  73. Usher, M. B., & Booth, R. G. (1986). Arthropod communities in a Maritime Antarctic moss-turf habitat: Multiple scales of pattern in the mites and Collembola. Journal of Animal Ecology, 55(1), 155–170. https://doi.org/10.2307/4699
  74. Vega, G. C., Convey, P., Hughes, K. A., & Olalla-Tárraga, M. Á. (2020). Humans and wind, shaping Antarctic soil arthropod biodiversity. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 13(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12375
  75. Wahlgren, E. (1906). Antarktische und subantarktische Collembolen gessammelt von der schwedischen Sudpolar expedition. Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Schwedischen Südpolar–Expedition, 1901–1903 (Stockholm, 1908), Zoologie, 1(5), 1–22. (In German)
  76. Willem, V. (1901). Les Collemboles recueillis par l’Expedition Antarctique Belge. Annales De La Société Entomologique De Belgique, 45, 260–262. (In French)
  77. Willem, V. (1902). Collemboles. Résultants du Voyage du S.Y. Belgica 1897–1898–1899. Rapports Scientifique, Zoologie, 9, 1–19. (In French)
  78. Wise, K. A. J. (1967). Collembola (Springtails). In J. L. Gressitt (Ed.), Entomology of Antarctica (Vol. 10, pp. 357–371). https://doi.org/10.1029/AR010p0123
  79. Worland, M. R., & Convey, P. (2001). Rapid cold hardening in Antarctic microarthropods. Functional Ecology, 15(4), 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00547.x
  80. Worland, M. R., Convey, P., & Lukešová, A. (2000). Rapid cold hardening: A gut feeling. CryoLetters, 21(5), 315–324.
  81. Yevchun, H., Fedchuk, A., Drohushevska, I., Pnyovska, O., Chernyshenko, M., & Parnikoza, I. (2021). The Toponymy of the Argentine Islands area, the Kyiv Peninsula (West Antarctica). Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, (2), 127–157. https://doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2021.683