Методичне забезпечення визначення індивідуально-типологічних особливостей зимівників щодо адаптації до екстремальних умов життєдіяльності
- адаптація,
- антарктична станція,
- готовність працювати в екстремальних умовах,
- типи характеру
Авторське право (c) 2025 Український антарктичний журнал

Ця робота ліцензується відповідно до Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Анотація
Від рівня професійної підготовки фахівців, які здійснюють професійну діяльність у суворих умовах Антарктиди, залежать перспективи міжнародного співробітництва України з країнами Договору про Антарктику. Мета статті – обґрунтувати доцільність використання психологічних методів для вивчення індивідуально-типологічних особливостей зимівників щодо адаптації до екстремальних умов життя/праці. Завдання дослідження – дати характеристику авторської методики визначення типу характеру зимівників та довести ефективність впровадження авторської методики в психологічний відбір учасників антарктичних експедицій. Дослідження проводили в Державній установі Національний антарктичний науковий центр МОН України, м. Київ, та на станції «Академік Вернадський». Вибірку склали 71 зимівник десяти Українських антарктичних експедицій, вік випробовуваних коливався від 22 до 64 років. Вимірювання показників компоненту адаптації в рамках методики визначення типів характеру зимівників проводили за допомогою онлайн-платформи тестування. Дослідження дає змогу виділити 12 психологічних типів характеру (наполегливо-недовірливий, авторитарний, демонстративний, гіпертимний, замкнуто-інтровертний, сумлінно-педантичний, емоційний, дистимічний, конформний, тривожний, нестійкий, лабільний). Описано кожен із 12 типів характеру з окресленням набору психологічних рис, які необхідно враховувати при аналізі адаптаційних можливостей зимівників до екстремальних умов Антарктиди. Зроблено висновок, який при певних поглиблених дослідженнях може набути рівня психологічної закономірності: представники різних за силою перебігу нервових процесів типів характеру (гіпертимний та авторитарний) протилежним чином адаптуються до екстремальних умов. За таких умов, дія екстремальних факторів має протилежний ефект на представників цих типів характеру, коли дія екстремальних чинників на представників гіпертимного типу знижує їх адаптивні можливості, а на представників авторитарного типу – підвищує адаптивні можливості.
Посилання
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