Вплив регіональних варіацій характеристик океану та трофічних зв’язків на накопичення кадмію в антарктичних пелагічних та бентосних організмах
- Cd,
- бентосні угруповання,
- біоакумуляція,
- біофізичні параметри середовища,
- пелагічні трофічні мережі
- Південний океан ...Більше
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Анотація
Вміст кадмію (Cd) в морських антарктичних організмах значно вищий, аніж очікувалося для такого віддаленого, незабрудненого середовища. Біоакумуляція відбувається в основному через циркуляцію води та апвелінг, а також, в областях високої первинної продуктивності, через хімічну подібність кадмію до необхідних для життя елементів. Низька доступність цинку та інших мікроелементів створює сприятливі умови для використання Cd діатомовими водоростями як кофактору в карбоангідразі. Окрім того, його накопичують малі автотрофи та гетеротрофи з високим співвідношенням площі поверхні до об’єму. Так, у пелагічних трофічних мережах Cd концентрують мікро- та мезозоопланктонні організми, що виїдають фітопланктон, та ювенільні стадії антарктичного крилю із маленькими ротовими апаратами. Від них він переходить до амфіподів та інших вторинних консументів. У прибережних морських екосистемах з великою первинною продуктивністю (такі як екосистеми навколо моря Росса) велика частина фітопланктону влітку осідає, і це теж сприяє акумуляції кадмію в безхребетних тваринах бентосу. Загальна концентрація Cd нижча у бентосних та пелагічних рибах, морських птахах та ссавцях, аніж у багатьох видах безхребетних. Морські птахи, які харчуються амфіподами та іншими ракоподібними меншими за антарктичний криль, накопичують більше кадмію. Порівняння вмісту Cd в типових бентосних безхребетних, рибах та пінгвінах з прибережних екосистем біля о. Кінг-Джордж та в затоці Терра Нова (море Росса) вказує на те, що в затоці біоакумуляція набагато інтенсивніша. Це ймовірно пов’язано з підсиленим апвелінгом, високими концентраціями розчинного кадмію в поверхневих водах, значними «цвітіннями» водоростей навесні та влітку і залученням в переніс енергії та металів по пелагічних трофічних мережах не лише криля, а й інших безхребетних.
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